c goodridge



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. e. eoonmne, Jr.

METHOD OP GONSTRUGTING'JBTTIES.

Patented Nov. 24, 1885.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. C. GOODRIDGE, Jr. METHOD OF'CONSTRUCTING JBTT'IBS.

No. 331,127. Patentfed Nov. 24, 1885L WIM/58858 N. Pneus, mbumngnphor,wnmngm u. c,

limitan @marne artnr tric JOHN C. GOODRIDGE, JR., OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OIF CONSTRUGTBNG JETTES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,127, dated November24, 1885.

Application filed May 2, 1885. Serial No. 164,218. (No model.)

To all whom it may con/cern,.-

Be it known that I, J oHN C. Goonninen, Jr., of the city ofNew York, inthe county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in the Method of Constructing Jetties, of which thefollowing is a specification, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings.

My invention consists of an improved method of constructing j etties orbreakwaters to be used in hydraulic engineering. Hitherto jetties orbreakwaters have been made by throwing stones into the water at thedesired locality, or of piling, cribs filled with stone, or masses ofconcrete or stone retained in place by mattresses, fascines, gabions, orsimilar devices. The use of large masses of stone or concrete throwninto the water at random for this purpose is open to serious objection.To the expense of the material must be added the costof transportationoften fromlong distances, together with the cost of handlinglarge massesof inconvenient shape and size,while much of the material during theprocess of laying it finds ultimate lodgment away from instead of upon'the work, and thus becomes either wholly or partially lost to use. Whenwood is used, either wholly or in combination, it is in many localitiesspeedily destroyed by the teredo. rIhe jetty thendisintegrates, and itsrepair becomes difficult. Again, when eX- posed to the attack of waterin motion, the tendency is to undermine these jetties and destroy themby washing away the foundation upon which they rest, and this is theusual process of their destruction.

My invention is intended to providea cheap and easy method ofconstructing such jetties or breakwaters, which at the same timeprovides Wholly or in great part against their destruction from any ofthe causes above set forth, and which facilitates repair, should it beat any time required.

In the drawings forming part of this specication, Figurel shows atransverse sectional elevation of the outer part or shell of my jetty;Fig. 2, a like view showing the jetty filled and complete. Fig. 3 showsa similar view of the jetty, filled in a somewhat modified manner,though embodying the same principle; Fig. 4, a like view to illustratethc action of the contents of the jetty when its foundation is impaired,and its tendency automatically to repair the defect and prevent itsincrease; Fig. 5, the upper surface of my jetty when provided withopenings to facilitate repair, and Fig. 6 the same with said openingsclosed after the repairs are complete.

My method is first to construct an outer shell of beton or concrete,using therefor a mold properly stayed and supported, all in the mannerordinarily followed in such constructions, and as shown in Fig. 1, inwhich A is the mold, B the bton shell formed within it, and C some ofthe braces or supports to said mold.` Having completely filled saidmold, and the shell of bton or concrete so formed having set, the outerportion of the mold may be removed or not, as is preferred; but theinner portion of the mold is allowed to remain, orif removed to be usedelsewhere. Some substitute support should be provided to sustain thebton walls until the jetty is complete. The thickness of the bton shellwill of course depend upon circumstances, due consideration being givenboth to economy of expenditure, the size of the jetty, and thedestructive action to which it is to be exposed. Ordinarily for a jettytwenty feet high a thickness of wall of two feet will be sufficient.

Should the local conditions cause apprehension lest the stratum uponwhich either edge of the jetty-shell rests should be carried away bodilyfor long` intervals, thus dropping the jetty-shell bodily over to thatside, I place piles D at intervals for it to rest upon. rIlhese need notbe numerous, only enough to sustain the weight of the shell beingrequired; but under ordinary circumstances piling will not be necessary,since the shell will retain its position if supported at a comparativelyfew points, as long as these are not too widely separated from oneanother. I then place upon the bottom and within the jetty flexiblemattresses D D, preferably in two parts overlapping in the middle, theouter ends of which are bent upward where they are in contact with theshell, as shown at Fig. 2. Instead of a brush-wood mattress, one or morethicknesses of heavy canvas or other similar material may be used wherethe jetty is'not eX- posed to a heavy sea. Indeed, anything of the kindwhich will bend upward to a considerable height within the jetty, andthus IOO partially inclose the lling employed, and at the same timeinterpose a close barrier between the action of the water and thefilling, will answer the purpose more or less perfectly, according toits durability. I then place within the jetty-shell and upon themattress or its substitute fascines of brush-wood, as shown at E in Fig.2, locating them particularly upon the mattress where it bends upwardagainst the inner wall of the bton shell. I then iill in a layerrofbrush-wood, hay, straw, or any similar material which may be locallyattainable, as shown at F, Fig. 2, upon which I pile stones, as shown atG of that Iig ure, and, lastly, fill the rest of the shell with sand, H,or earth, or other weighty and cheap material 5 or the modificationshown in Fig. 3 may be adopted, in which a mattress wider than thejetty-shell is iirst laid down. The jetty-shell B is then built upon it.Stones G G are then placed upon the protruding parts of the mattress, asshown, and the shell lled as before. The openings at the top of thejetty may then be closed altogether, or openings may be left atintervals, as shown at I, Fig. 4, or said openings may be temporarilyclosed with beton, or otherwise, as shown at Fig. 5. j

I do not consider it essential that the walls of said jetty should be ofbton or concrete, though l prefer thatmaterial, since it is both cheapand becomes monolithic in hardening, and is proof against the teredo andthe like as well; nor do I confine myself to the precise material ororder of material herein described in filling said shell. It has beenand is the practice of hydraulic engineers to utilize for works of thischaracter the materials most conveniently to be had in the neighborhood,and it is a part of their technical skill and educati-on when onematerial cannot be had, except at a distance and inconvenience, to

, search out some substitute to be found near at hand. The degree ofexposure to which the jetty is to be subject would also modify thissomewhat, more stone being used in a' jetty open to the attack of aNorth Atlantic storm than in one merely intended to direct the currentof a minor river. So,too,in some sterile localities sacks of clay orsand might be used instead of the fascines, as well as other changeswhich would suggest themselves at once to the experienced engineer whenacquainted with the locality where the jetty was to be placed. Where thejetty will be subjected to extreme exposure, the jetty-shell may bebuilt upon a mattress, as in Fig. 3, and then iilled, as shown in Fig.2.

The purpose of my invention is not only to furnish a method of buildingsubstantial jetties wherein local and cheap material may be utilized toa degree hitherto unknown, but also to provide a jetty which will for avery considerable period automatically repair any injuries it maysustain, and which, with a very little attention and with comparativelyvery. cheap additions involving little technical rapidi ty.

skill, will remain permanently eiicient. The greatest danger to which astructure of this kind is exposed is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, where theexposed side of a jetty is gured as undermined by wave action or theattack of running water. Vhen this action of destruction once begins onthejctty of ordinary construction, it proceeds with constantlyacceleratory The jetty then gradually falls over toward the underminedside, disintegrates, and is at last swept away.

My jetty meets this contingency as follows, (see Fig. 4:) The contentsof the jetty rest upon and are enveloped by a exible bed,which bedexceeds the width of the jetty, and is folded upward and against theinner sides ofthe jettyl v walls. It is clear that when one side of thejetty is locally undermined the contents of the jetty must there fall,since they are deprived of support from below, While the jettyshell willretain its position, since it is supported by its adjacent parts, whichrest Where the foundation is unimpaired, or upon piles; but when theiilling falls it must carry the iiexible bed D before it, thus at oncefill ing the cavity with a solid and resisting mass, since the flexiblebed D prevents the water from attacking the contents of the jetty indetail, and thus sweeping them gradually away. Every breach is thusclosed at the instant of its formation, and in a manner offering thegreatest possible resistance to a recurrence of thev evil. Should thework of destruction repeatedly continue during a time of freshet orstorm, the flexible bed D may be carried downward until that portionwhich was folded upward against the inner wall of the jetty is withdrawnfrom contact therewith. Then the fascines E are crowded into the gapwith like effect.

The modification shown in Fig. 3 operates on exactly the same principle.The moment undermining begins that end of the flexible mattress dropsinto and closes the gap and opposes recurrence thereof. Thus the processof undermining (which must necessarily be slow, since it is resisted atevery step in the most efficient manner) and automatic repair may go onwithout outside attention until from the fall of the jetty-filling itsstability may become endangered from loss of specic gravity. Then theempty space within the jetty may be readily refilled with sand or likematerial at the openings I.

Where the local conditions are such that the ICO IlO

IZO

jetty is little or not at all exposed to underminlow shell and the looselling placed therein, of a iiexilole mattress interposed between saidfilling and the bed of the stream.

2. The combination, with the hollow shell and the loose filling, of aflexible mattress, upon which said filling rests, the mattress being`upturned at its edges, so as to partially envelop the filling,substantially as set forth.

3. The Combination, with the hollow shell and the loose filling, of aiexible mattress formed in overlapping sections, interposed between saidlling and the bed of the stream, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the hollow shell,

JOHN C. GGODEIDGE, JR. Vitnesses:

M. A. GooDRIDGn, HENRY H. HALL.

